The German, Austrian, and Swiss National Anthems

The melody of the German national anthem comes from the old Austrian imperial anthem â€Å"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser† (â€Å"God Save Franz the Emperor†) by Franz Joseph Haydn  (1732-1809), which was first played on February 12, 1797. In 1841 Haydns melody was combined with with lyrics by August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben  Ã‚  (1798-1874) to create â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† or â€Å"Das Deutschlandlied.† From the time of Bismarcks Prussia (1871) up to the end of the First World War this anthem was replaced by another. In 1922 the first president of the German Republic (the â€Å"Weimar Republic†), Friedrich Ebert, officially introduced â€Å"Das Lied der Deutschen† as the national anthem. During the 12 years of the Nazi era, the first stanza was the official anthem. In May 1952 the third stanza was proclaimed the official anthem of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) by President Theodor Heuss. (East Germany had its own anthem.) The second verse, while never  verboten (forbidden), was not very popular because of its â€Å"wine, women, and song† references. The fourth verse was written by Albert Matthà ¤i during the French occupation of the Ruhr region in 1923. It is not part of the anthem today. Since 1952, only the third (â€Å"Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit†) verse has been the official anthem. Das Lied der Deutschen Song of the Germans German Lyrics Literal English Translation Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, ber alles in der Welt, Above everything in the world, Wenn es stets zu Schutz und Trutze When always, for protection, Brderlich zusammenhlt, We stand together as brothers. Von der Maas bis an die Memel, From the Maas to the Memel Von der Etsch bis an den Belt - From the Etsch to the Belt - Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all ber alles in der Welt. Above all in the world. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song, Sollen in der Welt behalten Shall retain in the world, Ihren alten schnen Klang, Their old lovely ring Uns zu edler Tat begeistern To inspire us to noble deeds Unser ganzes Leben lang. Our whole life long. Deutsche Frauen, deutsche Treue, German women, German loyalty, Deutscher Wein und deutscher Sang German wine and German song. Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom fr das deutsche Vaterland! For the German Fatherland Danach lasst uns alle streben Let us all strive for that Brderlich mit Herz und Hand! In brotherhood with heart and hand! Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit Unity and law and freedom Sind des Glckes Unterpfand; Are the foundation for happiness Blh im Glanze dieses Glckes, Bloom in the glow of happiness Blhe, deutsches Vaterland. Bloom, German Fatherland. Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles,* Germany, Germany above all* Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Nur im Unglck kann die Liebe Only in misfortune can love Zeigen, ob sie stark und echt. Show if its strong and true. Und so soll es weiterklingen And so it should ring out Von Geschlechte zu Geschlecht: From generation to generation: Deutschland, Deutschland ber alles, Germany, Germany above all, Und im Unglck nun erst recht. And in misfortune all the more. Listen to  the  Melody: Lied der Deutschen  or to the the  Deutschlandlied  (orchestral version. Austrian National Anthem: Land der Berge The national anthem (Bundeshymne) of the  Republik Ãâ€"sterreich  (Republic of Austria) was officially adopted on February 25, 1947, following a contest to find a replacement for the former imperial anthem by Haydn that had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and now also had Nazi associations. The composer of the melody is not certain, but its origin goes back to 1791, when it was created for the freemason lodge to which both Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Holzer (1753-1818) belonged. Current theory says that either Mozart or Holzer could have composed the melody. The lyrics were written by Paula von Preradovic (1887-1951), the winner of the 1947 competition. Preradovic was the mother of the Austrian Minister of Education, Felix Hurdes, who had encouraged her (a distinguished writer and poet) to enter the contest.   The  Swiss National Anthem (Die Schweizer Nationalhymne) The Swiss national anthem has a unique history that reflects the  nature of Switzerland itself. Switzerland (die Schweiz) may be an old country, but its current national anthem has only been official since 1981. Although the Schweizer Landeshymne or Landeshymne was tentatively approved by the Swiss Nationalrat in 1961 and was in general use after 1965, the anthem did not actually become official for another 20 years (April 1, 1981). The anthem itself, originally known as the Schweizerpsalm, is much older. In 1841 the priest and composer Alberik Zwyssig of Urn was asked to compose music for a patriotic poem written by his friend, Zurich music publisher Leonhard Widmer. He used a hymn that he had already composed, and adapted it for Widmers words. The result was the Schweizerpsalm, which soon became popular in parts of Switzerland. But some Swiss cantons, such as French-speaking Neuchatel, had their own anthems. Efforts to select an official Swiss national anthem (to replace an old one that used the British God Save the Queen/King melody) ran up against the countrys five languages and strong regional identities until 1981.

Essay about Existence of Free Will - 1661 Words

Existence of Free Will Existence of free will is often argued from introspection. Freedom means choice. Since I chose to write this paper and I could have chosen otherwise, I am free in writing this paper. However, to establish that I could have chosen otherwise, proving that I felt that I could have chosen otherwise is not enough: One must also prove that my choice is the original cause of my motives to write this paper. According to compatibilists, your action is free if the immediate cause of the action are your thoughts, there is no coercion, no duress (physical or mental), and your thoughts satisfy a certain condition on freedom, which varies depending on the compatibilist. If that is used as definition of freedom, then my†¦show more content†¦Moreover, the only way to show existence of possibilities is through choices and randomness, so if the world is deterministic, there is no evidence that the world can possibly be anything but what it is; deciding what is possible would be a matter of convention and not reality. In a deterministic world, choosing to do otherwise is as impossible as choosing for 2+2 to equal five: Under no circumstance does any person has any choice. Rejection of determinism, however, is insufficient for free will. Mere randomness does not amount to freedom since it is indistinguishable whether the randomness is generated now or one million years ago. Postulating a free agent is not sufficient either, because of the following argument: Suppose that whenever you act, you act a particular way solely because of the way you are except for the external factors or randomness. At this moment, you cannot change what you are at this moment since at any given time you are what you are at that time. The external factors are also what they are--they can change with time, but we are analyzing them at the time you make the choice. If an outcome is random, you cannot choose it either. If you had chosen to act otherwise, then since your choice is based solely on yourself, external factors, and randomness, these factors would be different from what they are. Since you cannot change these factors, you cannot choose to act otherwise. For a choice t o be genuine,Show MoreRelatedReflection On The Existence Of Free Will1135 Words   |  5 PagesI. Conceptual Clarification â€Å"Causality† - Causality, within the context of determining the existence of free will, is the â€Å"causal link [that] determines what the future looks like.† (Rauhut, 82) In other words, it is the relationship between two or more events, in which an action is caused or influenced by a prior event. For example, within the context of my â€Å"big decision,† I am choosing between getting a traditional job or selling artwork. The causality within this scenario exists in that IRead MoreThe Debate Over The Existence Of Free Will1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate over the existence of free will is possibly one of the most important discussions of human nature. Insight into this debate holds vast ethical, legal and political implications. In my experience, those who are not familiar with the topic often conflate free will for consciousness, and impetuously accept the existence of free will. Free will is defined as the freedom of humans to make choices that ar e not determined by prior physical causes. Those who believe in free will thus ascribe aRead MoreThe Issue Over The Existence Of Free Will Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesBackground The up and coming fields of neuroscience and neuropsychology have the potential to break a seemingly everlasting stalemate on the debate over the existence of free will. Breaking away from a purely theoretical approach to discussing a philosophical question could shed some light into our greatest existential dilemmas. German philosopher Martin Heidegger himself said, â€Å"we ourselves are entities to be analyzed,† and that seems ever so fitting for the investigation into consciousness. AlthoughRead MoreDeterminism Vs. Indeterminism And The Existence Of Free Will2943 Words   |  12 PagesThough there is no singular definition of ‘free will’, the standard argument against it is the dilemma between determinism/indeterminism and the fact that these two concepts threaten the prospect or the existence of free will. Determinism is the basic philosophical principle that every event, including human decisions and actions, are the imminent consequence of prior events. St rict determinism would argue that free will does not exist due to the fact that our previous actions or past events, determineRead MoreDeterminism And Free Will Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesDeterminism and Free Will When the topic of metaphysics is mentioned, focus shifts to philosophical perspectives that give an explanation of the fundamental nature of being or existence and the universe that encompasses both. Metaphysics often seeks to answer basic questions, such as what is there and what is it like. One of the key branches of metaphysics is ontology, which refers to the philosophical study of the nature of existence, being, reality, or becoming. The significant ontologicalRead MoreJean-Paul Sartre’s Philosophy: Radical Freedom and Responsibility 1253 Words   |  6 Pagesmean when I say that man is condemned to be free† (Sartre 32). Radical freedom and responsibility is the central notion of Jean-Paul Sartre’s philosophy. However, Sartre himself raises objections about his philosophy, but he overcomes these obvious objections. In this paper I will argue that man creates their own essence through their choices and that our values and choices are important because th ey allow man to be free and create their own existence. I will first do this by explaining Jean-PaulRead MoreThe Existence Of Evil By Blackburn Theory1264 Words   |  6 Pages In Blackburn theory I am going to argue that his theory the existence of evil strongly suggests that there does not exist a God who is all-good, all-knowing and all-powerful to be false. In my argument I will try to present facts that show the existence of God and why there is evil. Exposition: 313 In Blackburn’s argument he basically mentions that because there is evil in the world there is no existence of a present creator. It is impossible to see the suffering that’s goingRead MoreThe Existence Of Evil Within The World Created By A Good God1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe existence of evil in a world created by a good God Introduction It is by divine design that evil can exist in a world created by a good God. Evil would not exist if God did not will it into existence. Balance is also a major factor as to why evil has been brought into reality. Chinese philosophy of Ying and Yang has a great principle that states â€Å"that all things exist as inseparable and contradictory opposites (Cartwright, 2012).† Good cannot be recognized without the recognition of evil andRead More The Problem of Evil Disproved by the Free Will Defense Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe Problem of Evil Disproved by the Free Will Defense The Problem of Evil states that because evil exists the existence of a tri-omni being, which we typically refer to as God, is impossible. This argument, if proved to be true, would refute the Cosmological Argument for God’s Existence. The Cosmological Argument states that not every being can be a dependent being without infinite regress (which is believed to be impossible), so there exists a tri-omni self dependent being knownRead MoreRejection of Existentialism Essays837 Words   |  4 Pagesthe belief that existence precedes essence. 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Leadership Integration Project Report †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Identify, record, and remark on relevant concepts and ideas with evident value for your life/work context? 2.Develop a value-added component for yourLeadershipIntegration Project Report? Answers: 1. The review of Learning Skills focuses particularly on what the learner has learnt during their learning skills sessions. The lesson is highly important as it gives the professor a critical look on what understanding and knowledge the learners have gained in general. It also assists in focusing on the key concepts as well as ideas, the changes in the perception of the learners and of their own-selves. In addition to this, the lessons have been introduced as well as discussed throughout their course. It also provides the students with assistance in checking whether they value the learning or not. The skills are enough to use in their daily lives. The lessons particularly focus on the key ideas and concepts which are being discussed all throughout the course (Kolb, 2014). I have learned many new things during the class presentations, which is important for my future. Firstly, it helped me in being able to think, stop as well as reflect about all the things which are important. Reflecting and reviewing helps in retaining the things which I have learned and also it assists in increasing the awareness of what has happened. There is always a room for improvement. It is important that each and every individual think why and how they can improve themselves. May be, this subject has taught me a lot, but I have to find better ways of how I can learn more about it and improve myself. Secondly, in my opinion, I feel that these kinds of reflections helps in evaluating on what needs more improvement and what went well (Wlodkowski Ginsberg, 2017). Thirdly, I have learned how to get personally connected with the materials that are provided during the presentation sessions. According to me, it is highly important to get emotionally connected with the new information with the previously acquired experiences and knowledge. I have partially accomplished the days learning outcomes because of the following reasons: The collection of the information and its nature was a bit hard to grab in the first place. In addition to this, the overall procedure was a bit difficult, to some extent. I have accomplished the points but partially, because of the nature of the presentations. The presentations were lengthy and at times, the lecture classes became a bit boring. In my opinion, presentations must be short and crisp and easily understandable. Long and descriptive presentations take time to complete and listeners may lose their attention while adapting the lessons (Cornish Jenkins, 2012). The time that was allotted to take notes was a bit less. The professor could have given sometime for the students to take notes of the lessons. However, the goal is not to get the learners look through the presentations, but also keep a note of those sessions. Whatever is remembered are the clearest and the most valid picture of the learners. The communication loop can be easily used in this portion of the learning lessons as the visual. The professor can begin the lesson by explaining the goals, objectives as well as the overall purpose of the education (Redfield, 2012). The key concepts as well as visuals could have been utilized as the staircase and the communication procedure of this lesson. In my opinion, reflecting as well as evaluating is one of the most important skills and standards which adults need to do in order to ensure that their life goals get improved or enhanced. The learning skills writing activities and reviewing helped in retaining the knowledge as well as experiences of the learners. In addition to this, it also gave an overview of how the skills affect an individuals daily life and education (Dana Yendol-Hoppey, 2014). In order to move in the direction of Grade A, it is important to adopt a positive mental attitude. When a student is receiving poor grades frequently, he/she may start feeling defeated or depressed. He/she might feel like giving up. However, the first step on the road of improving grades is to turn off the negativity switch. The student needs to adopt a positive attitude about the situation, if he/she is willing to improve his/her academic grades. The grades are not what the students should aim for, but they must have a positive attitude about doing something great. Instead of thinking, I am a failure, the students must start thinking, I will achieve better than this. The students must start working on their areas of improvement. They need to work out on their targeted areas, before drawing up an action plan (Brophy, 2013). It is better to keep a check on their previous grades and their patterns. Now, he/she needs to think about the specific reasons why the grades are lower. In addition to this, if there are any external factors, the students must work on it and identify the improvement areas. Taking notes of the professors lecture is a great way of adapting his/her style and in turn, will help the student achieve good results. Moreover, talking and communicating with the professors is a great way of drawing up an action plan, in order to improve the grades. Furthermore, the students must ask their professor on why they need to improve and on which areas they need to concentrate the most. Paying more attention in the class as well as asking questions is a great way of acquiring knowledge. Therefore, a student must start organizing his/her life in order to yield better outcomes (Daloz, 2012). 2. In order to develop a value added component for the Leadership Integration Project, it is important to keep certain things in mind. The fundamental rule is that the succession management plan must be flexible in nature and oriented towards the personal developmental activities. It should not be a rigid list of the high potential plans and activities. By compiling both the leadership development as well as succession planning, the individuals will be able to develop certain skills and abilities. It is not just about gaining educational achievements, but also leadership skills and abilities. Leadership development helps in delivering greater results and outcomes (Goetsch Davis, 2014). The values of leadership are the guiding principles in the lives of every individual. It occurs within the context of the core values. Furthermore, having qualities of leadership helps in facilitating as well as guiding others to make positive differences and contribute to the larger good. The values of leadership help in activating the learning of the core values and also give an idea of how it can be developed as well as activated. By laying focus on the individuals value and belief and also building a positive understanding, results in developing a problem solving activity among the students. The most important value which can be applied to the Leadership Integrated Project is group projects, in order to generate a team building capacity among the team members (Goleman, 2017). Team building helps in giving a powerful boost for the effectiveness and spirit of any group. It is important for the leaders to set a tone along with an inspiring theme. A well designed as well as delivered team can help in building team programs, which in turn will lead to a better understanding, stronger motivation and clearer alignment. In addition to this, organizing events on team building is a bigger responsibility, which the educational leaders must undertake. Using internal communications will get everybody ready as well as interested for the team events. Professors must conduct lessons on team building activities and give group projects to the students. Team building values can help in yielding better outcomes before deadline (Erkutlu, 2012). Some students may face issues in cooperating with each and every member of the team. Some may prefer working alone and excelling in that. However, team building lessons help in generating a strong bonding or connection between the members of the team. At times, the foundational values of a team are a bit challenging to detect. For instance; if any one member of the team is performing and the others are not, it may lead to the failure of the overall team. The performance of the one member will not be considered in such cases. Therefore, it is the duty of the professors to give proper education and trainings on building up the level of team performances (Boies, Fiset Gill, 2015). In addition to this, the students must have proper knowledge on the benefits and drawbacks of team work. The benefits of working in a team generally include increased efficiency, mutual support and the ability to focus on the given task. Most of the educational institutions give team or group projects in order to test the students abilities to work or perform in a team. There are several benefits of working in a team. Firstly, it yields better outcomes. Teamwork leads to better academic outcomes because it assists the team in bringing or introducing new resources in order to bear the challenges. Moreover, there is particularly more oversight to reduce the risks of poor contributions of the individuals (Wang, Waldman Zhang, 2014). Furthermore, a good team consists of diversified members. At the time, when these members apply their different skills and knowledge to the same task, it becomes more effective as well as efficient, that when one person works on the given task. In addition to this, when a team works well together, by maintaining peace and harmony, they accomplish more than what an individual achieve alone. This helps in saving time, resources as well as the members develop a competitive nature against other teams. Moreover, when the teams work together, they become supportive towards others and develop a mutual support among themselves. Mutual support helps in encouraging as well as motivating the members in achieving their goals and objectives (Dyer Dyer, 2013). In order to achieve these benefits the individual members must work well together. They must be able to put the thoughts together for not their own accomplishments, but for the benefit of the team. In addition to this, team work helps in fostering learning and creativity by blending complementary strengths. Working together will let the individuals build on the talents of their team mates. Each time the individuals see their co-members utilize a different working procedure or approach; others may get a chance to improve or adjust their methods in accordance with that. Furthermore, this particular method of team work will enable the team mates to build strong bonds or connections with their co-members. Trusting the team members will also provide a feeling of security or safety, which will in turn allow the concepts or ideas to emerge (Hoch Kozlowski, 2014). Therefore, team work can be considered as a value added component for the Leadership Integration Project. References Boies, K., Fiset, J., Gill, H. (2015). Communication and trust are key: Unlocking the relationship between leadership and team performance and creativity.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), 1080-1094. Brophy, J. E. (2013).Motivating students to learn. Routledge. Cornish, L., Jenkins, K. A. (2012). Encouraging teacher development through embedding reflective practice in assessment.Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education,40(2), 159-170. Daloz, L. A. (2012).Mentor: guiding the journey of adult learners (with new foreword, introduction, and afterword). John Wiley Sons. Dana, N. F., Yendol-Hoppey, D. (2014).The reflective educator's guide to classroom research: Learning to teach and teaching to learn through practitioner inquiry. Corwin Press. Dyer, W. G., Dyer, J. H. (2013).Team building: Proven strategies for improving team performance. John Wiley Sons. Erkutlu, H. (2012). The impact of organizational culture on the relationship between shared leadership and team proactivity.Team Performance Management: An International Journal,18(1/2), 102-119. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Goleman, D. (2017).Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics). Harvard Business Press. Hoch, J. E., Kozlowski, S. W. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of applied psychology,99(3), 390. Kolb, D. A. (2014).Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Redfield, R. J. (2012). Why do we have to learn this stuff?a new genetics for 21st century students.PLoS biology,10(7), e1001356. Wang, D., Waldman, D. A., Zhang, Z. (2014). A meta-analysis of shared leadership and team effectiveness.Journal of applied psychology,99(2), 181. Wlodkowski, R. J., Ginsberg, M. B. (2017).Enhancing adult motivation to learn: A comprehensive guide for teaching all adults. John Wiley Sons.

Retaining Staff &Reducing Employee Turnover Essays -

Retaining Staff &Reducing Employee Turnover Introduction Employee turnover and the retention of valued employees are major problems facing business in the U.S. The average turnover rate is hovering at 15%. The costs associated with that turnover can be high - generally 25 percent of the individual's annual salary. Unemployment in the United States is at a 24-year low. Employee loyalty is down. Never before has it been so critical to focus on strategies for keeping good employees. However finding a solution to high turnover is not easy. One major incentive for retaining employees is the cost of turnover. Keeping good employees increases profits. Employee turnover is a direct drain on the bottom line. Another incentive for employee retention is the high cost of recruiting and replacing valued employees. In a low-unemployment market, employees are increasingly difficult to find. Many employers are trying to reduce employee turnover with quick fixes, gimmicks, games, and prizes that just don't work. Organizations are finding that the solutions are more about how you treat employees than tangible items that are given to them. Also, the concept of employee loyalty diminished as employees realized that doing a good job and being loyal to an employer no longer mattered. True solutions require a change in management's attitudes and behaviors toward employees. The ultimate strategy to reduce the costs of turnover and high recruitment is to manage for retention. A wait and see approach will not work. Developing a proactive strategy to keeping key employees is essential. Whether it means identifying employees that contribute the most to the bottom line and developing programs that will satisfy them, providing, compensation programs that provide the types of rewards that are important to each employee or taking a closer look at the overall organization's culture, some immediate actions must be taken. Why are Top Talent Jumping Ship? The job market is competitive and the labor pool is shrinking. Employers are more and more frequently vying for the same candidates. The tight labor market is likely to play increasingly important factors in why some companies are losing their top talent. The current economic situation has created an increase in the amount of employment opportunities and companies are trying everything to woo employees away from their competitors. It is predicted that the job market this year will be the best this decade. Governmental efforts to reduce the budget deficit have led to a reduction in interest rates, which allows business to grow. The U.S. has also grown more competitive in the international business community, which also contributes to an increase in job opportunities. The renewal of the economy has increased some firms sense of national confidence and when businesses feel more confident of the economic future, they are more likely to expand and hire more employees. Although a good economy has some effects on a company's ability to retain staff there are other factors. Some employees are jumping ship because their needs are not being met. The lack of challenging and stimulating work, fair pay, the tools and resources needed to do their jobs, recognition for work well done and involvement in the decisions that impact their day to day lives at work, factor into their decision to leave an employer. However some employers have found that meeting the basic need of employees is not enough. When it comes to motivating and retaining employees, organizations are finding that they must become increasingly innovative, by offering a number of creative incentives, benefits and services that are designed to make employees' lives easier and more stress free - at work and at home. Some employees leave their employers because the skills they possess are in demand, they may be lured away by higher pay, better benefits, or better job growth potential. In this case, a company must take a close look at their organization and determine if they are still competitive. Another reason employees leave is because there was a bad match between the employee's skills and the job. Employees who are placed in jobs that are too difficult for them or whose skills are underutilized may become discouraged and quit. However, every employee who leaves your company is not dissatisfied. Some will retire, relocate, quit because of family circumstances, change professions, or